How we research our articles
Our guides aim to make language learning clearer and more verifiable. Citing a study is not a promise that its findings apply to every learner.
Sources and limits
We use published studies, meta-analyses, official CEFR descriptors and exam providers’ resources. Findings from classrooms, particular language pairs or laboratory tasks cannot automatically be applied to all adult learners.
Examples, cases and numbers
Sample dialogues, schedules and exercises are illustrative unless explicitly labelled otherwise. They are not records from actual students or LangiaFlow experiments. We do not claim surveys, success rates or experimental outcomes without data and a documented method.
Updates and correction
Exam rules, external references and educational guidance can change. Check official requirements before booking an exam. A material error should be corrected with an appropriate source rather than repeated.
For further verification, follow the citations in each article to the relevant publishers and organisations.